Opuntia ficus-indica

Opuntia ficus-indica, more commonly referred to as the prickly pear cactus, is a herbaceous perennial succulent plant native to North and South America.  Broad, fleshy pads covered in spines or tiny hairs comprise the plant's stems, though their exact appearance varies amongst the more than 100 species that have been cataloged.  These succulent pads are covered by a water-repellent and sun-reflecting waxy layer, making them able to withstand intense heat as well as retain moisture in dry environments.  Multitudes of yellow, white, or red, cup-shaped flowers adorned with feathery petals decorate the outer rim of the prickly pear cactus's fleshy foliage.  Following the flowers, edible fruits are produced in yellow, orange, or red, and are reported to have a similar sweet flavor as watermelon.  However, the prickly pear cactus's fruits are not the only edible parts, as its succulent foliage is often prepared and eaten as a vegetable as well.  All parts of the plant need to be handled with care, as they are covered in spines or barbed hairs that must be removed along with their skins if intended for consumption.  Some prickly pear cacti are capable of surviving in climates as cold as USDA zone 4, meaning that there is likely at least one variant that can be grown in your garden.  

In exceptionally hot climates, prickly pear cacti can be scalded by excessive sun exposure and benefit from some protective shade to shield them from the midday sun.  Prickly pear cacti should otherwise be provided with a location that receives sunlight all day, or for a minimum of six hours.  
Sandy or gravelly soils are ideal for growing prickly pear cactus, though they can be grown in other well-draining mediums as long as they are not overwatered.  Every drop of water goes a long way when growing prickly pear cacti, and they should be given at least two weeks to dry out completely between waterings.  If planted in a region that is subject to substantial rainfall, extremely porous, well-draining soil is essential to promote the plants' survival.  Typically, areas with mild winters and warm summers are optimal for prickly pear cacti, but low humidity is even more important.  Feeding is usually unnecessary, though some fertilizer may be needed if planted in extremely poor soil or in a container.  Apply a balanced fertilizer to potted plants during the growing season. High-nitrogen solutions promote larger foliage, and low-nitrogen varieties encourage the production of more fruit and flowers.  Learn more in the Plant Story community!

3-6 hours of sun per day, with protection from intense mid-day sun

Water sparingly, allowing the mix to nearly dry out between watering.

Opuntia Ficus-indica

Opuntia ficus-indica

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